The Affidavit of Support (I-864) Explained in Simple Terms
Of all the forms and requirements in the U.S. immigration process, few cause more anxiety than the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864). It’s the moment the U.S. government asks you to prove, in no uncertain terms, that you can financially support your fiancée and that she will not become a “public charge.” The numbers, the rules, and the legal obligations can feel overwhelming.
This guide is here to demystify the entire process. We will break down the financial requirements into simple, understandable terms. We’ll explain exactly how to calculate your household size, what to do if your income isn’t high enough, and how a joint sponsor can be the key to your success. Consider this your clear and simple roadmap to conquering the Affidavit of Support.
What Exactly Is the Affidavit of Support (Form I-864)?
The Affidavit of Support (officially Form I-864) is a legally binding contract between you (the U.S. citizen petitioner) and the U.S. government. By signing it, you swear that you will financially support the immigrant (your fiancée, soon-to-be wife) and repay the government if she ever receives certain means-tested public benefits (like Medicaid or food stamps).
The Bottom Line: The I-864 is your promise to the government that your partner will not rely on public welfare. This obligation only ends if she becomes a U.S. citizen, works for 10 years (40 quarters), leaves the U.S. permanently, or passes away.
The Core Requirement: 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines
To be an eligible sponsor, your annual income must be at least 125% of the U.S. Federal Poverty Guidelines for your specific household size. (Note: For sponsors in the military on active duty, the requirement is 100%). These guidelines are updated annually by the Department of Health and Human Services.
Below is an example table based on the 2025 guidelines for residents of the 48 contiguous states. Always check the official USCIS I-864P page for the most current figures when you file.
| Sponsor’s Household Size | 125% of Poverty Guideline (Example 2025) |
|---|---|
| 2 | $25,587 |
| 3 | $32,262 |
| 4 | $38,937 |
| 5 | $45,612 |
| For each additional person, add $6,675 | |
How to Calculate Your “Household Size”
This is where many people get confused. It’s not just you and your fiancée. Your household size is the total of:
- You (the sponsor).
- Your fiancée (the intending immigrant).
- Any unmarried children under 21 that you have.
- Anyone else you claim as a dependent on your federal income tax return.
- Anyone you have previously sponsored with an Affidavit of Support who has not yet become a U.S. citizen.
For most couples starting out, the household size will be 2 (you + your fiancée). If you have a child, it would be 3. You must calculate this number correctly to find the corresponding income requirement in the table.
What If My Income Isn’t High Enough? The Joint Sponsor Solution
If your income doesn’t meet the 125% requirement, do not panic. This is a common situation, and there is a clear solution: a joint sponsor.
What is a Joint Sponsor? A joint sponsor is a second person who agrees to accept full legal responsibility for supporting your fiancée, alongside you. They must file their own Form I-864 and meet all the same requirements as the primary sponsor.
A joint sponsor must be:
- A U.S. citizen or Legal Permanent Resident.
- At least 18 years old and living in the United States.
- Willing to take on the full financial obligation.
- Able to meet the 125% income requirement for their own household size (which includes the immigrant you are sponsoring).
A joint sponsor can be a family member or a close friend. The key is that they understand the serious legal commitment they are making.
Frequently Asked Questions about the I-864
What counts as “income” for the I-864?
Your total income as reported on your most recent federal income tax return is the primary figure used. This can include wages, salaries, retirement benefits, child support, and other sources. You will need to provide your tax return and may also provide recent pay stubs or a letter from your employer.
Can I use assets to meet the requirement if my income is too low?
Yes. If your income is insufficient, you can supplement it with assets. This includes cash in savings accounts, stocks, bonds, and real estate. However, the rule is that the total value of your assets must be at least five times the difference between your income and the 125% poverty guideline. (For spouses of U.S. citizens, this is reduced to three times).
Can my fiancée’s income be used to meet the requirement?
Yes, but only if her income will continue from the same source after she immigrates to the U.S. For most K-1 visa applicants, this is not the case, as they will be leaving their job in the Philippines. Therefore, in most situations, her foreign income cannot be included.
How long does my financial obligation last?
Your obligation as a sponsor ends only when your wife: 1) Becomes a U.S. citizen; 2) Has legally worked for 40 quarters (10 years) in the U.S.; 3) Permanently leaves the United States; or 4) Passes away. Divorce does not end the obligation.
What happens if my income drops after I file the I-864?
The income requirement is assessed based on your financial situation at the time of filing. However, a consular officer can re-evaluate your financial situation at the interview stage if they have reason to believe it has changed significantly. It’s important to maintain stable employment throughout the process.
Does a joint sponsor have to be a family member?
No. While family members are common joint sponsors, it can be any U.S. citizen or permanent resident who meets the requirements and is willing to accept the legal responsibility. It can be a close friend, a colleague, or a member of your community.
Do I need to file a new Affidavit of Support every year?
No. The Form I-864 is filed once during the immigration process. It remains in effect until the obligation terminates, but you do not need to re-file it annually.
Don’t Let Finances Derail Your Future
The Affidavit of Support is a significant hurdle, but it is a manageable one. By understanding the requirements, calculating your household size correctly, and knowing your options—like using a joint sponsor—you can approach this step with confidence. It’s the final key to unlocking the door to your life together in the United States.
Have More Questions About the Visa Process?
The I-864 is just one part of a larger journey. Explore our other guides or contact us for personalized assistance.
